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STM32F100 Cortex-M3 FreeRTOS Demo
Using GCC and the Atollic TrueStudio Eclipse based IDE
[RTOS Ports]
Introduction
This simple demo project runs on the STM32 Discovery board, which is populated with an STM32F100RB Cortex-M3 microcontroller from STMicroelectronics.Its low cost makes the discovery board an ideal evaluation platform, but the 8K of RAM available also means there is a limit to the number of FreeRTOS kernel features that can be demonstrated. Therefore, this simple demo only actively demonstrates task, queue, software timer and interrupt functionality. The demo is also configured to include malloc failure, idle, and stack overflow hook functions.
The FreeRTOS download includes other, more fully featured, demonstration applications for larger parts in the STM32 microcontroller family.
The demo is pre-configured to use the free version of the Atollic TrueStudio for STM32 Eclipse based IDE, along with the FreeRTOS GCC port.
IMPORTANT! Notes on using the STM32F100 Cortex-M3 Demo
Please read all the following points before using this RTOS port.See also the FAQ My application does not run, what could be wrong?
Source Code Organisation
The FreeRTOS download contains the source code for all the FreeRTOS ports so includes many more files than are required for this demo. See the Source Code Organization section for a description of the downloaded files and information on creating a new project.The TrueStudio project for the FreeRTOS STM32 Discovery Board demo is located in the FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_STM32F100_Atollic directory. This is the project that should be imported into the TrueStudio workspace. The Preparing the Eclipse Project section below contains important information on setting up the demo project directory, and importing the demo project into TrueStudio.
The Demo Application
Demo application hardware set up
The demo uses the LEDs and buttons that are integrated onto the STM32 Discovery board hardware. Therefore, no hardware set up is required.
Preparing the TrueStudio (Eclipse) project directory
Eclipse projects can be either standard makefile projects, or managed make projects.
The STM32F100 project uses a managed make project. This in turn means that
either:
- All the source files needed to build the project must be located under the folder/directory that contains the project file itself, or
- The Eclipse workspace (note workspace, not project) needs to be configured to locate the files elsewhere on the hard disk.
CreateProjectDirectoryStructure.bat must be executed before the TrueStudio project is imported into the Eclipse workspace.
CreateProjectDirectoryStructure.bat cannot be executed from within the TrueStudio Eclipse IDE.
Importing the demo application project into the TrueStudio Eclipse workspace
To import the STM32 TrusStudio project into an existing or new Eclipse Workspace:-
Select "Import" from the TrueStudio "File" menu. The dialogue box shown below
will appear. Select "Existing Projects into Workspace".
The dialogue box that appears when "Import" is first clicked
-
In the next dialogue box, select FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_STM32F100_Atollic
as the root directory. Then, make sure the FreeRTOS-Simple-Demo
project is checked in the "Projects" area, and that the Copy Projects Into
Workspace box is not checked, before clicking
the Finish button (see the image below for the correct check box states,
the finish button is not visible in the image).
Make sure that FreeRTOS-Simple-Demo is checked, and "Copy projects into workspace" is not checked
Building and running the demo application
- Connect the STM32 Discovery board to your host computer using a standard USB cable. You may be prompted to install some USB drivers.
- Ensure that CreateProjectDirectoryStructure.bat has been executed, and that the project has been correctly imported into the Eclipse workspace.
- Select 'Rebuild All' from the IDE 'Project' menu.
- Select 'Debug' from the IDE 'Run' menu. If a debug session starts, the process is complete. If a debug session does not start, follow the remaining instructions in this list.
- Sometimes a debug configuration needs to be created before debugging for the first time. Select 'Debug Configurations...' from the IDE 'Run' menu.
- In the dialogue box that appears, click the "New Launch Configuration" speed button, highlighted in red in the image below.
- A new debug configuration will be created, and the dialogue box should appear as shown in the image below. Click the "Debug" button to commence debugging.
The dialogue box used to create a debug launch configuration after the
"New Launch Configuration" speed button (highlighted in red) has been pressed.
Functionality
-
The idle hook function:
The idle hook function queries the amount of FreeRTOS heap space that is remaining (see vApplicationIdleHook() defined in main.c). The demo application is configured to use 7K of the available 8K of RAM as the FreeRTOS heap. Memory is only allocated from this heap during initialisation, and this demo only actually uses 1.6K bytes of the configured 7K available - leaving 5.4K bytes of heap space unallocated.
-
The main() Function:
main() creates one software timer, one queue, and two tasks. It then starts the scheduler.
-
The Queue Send Task:
The queue send task is implemented by the prvQueueSendTask() function in main.c. prvQueueSendTask() sits in a loop that causes it to repeatedly block for 200 milliseconds, before sending the value 100 to the queue that was created within main(). Once the value is sent, the task loops back around to block for another 200 milliseconds.
-
The Queue Receive Task:
The queue receive task is implemented by the prvQueueReceiveTask() function in main.c. prvQueueReceiveTask() sits in a loop where it repeatedly blocks on attempts to read data from the queue that was created within main(). When data is received, the task checks the value of the data, and if the value equals the expected 100, toggles the green LED. The 'block time' parameter passed to the queue receive function specifies that the task should be held in the Blocked state indefinitely to wait for data to be available on the queue. The queue receive task will only leave the Blocked state when the queue send task writes to the queue. As the queue send task writes to the queue every 200 milliseconds, the queue receive task leaves the Blocked state every 200 milliseconds, and therefore toggles the green LED every 200 milliseconds.
-
The LED Software Timer and the Button Interrupt:
The user button B1 is configured to generate an interrupt each time it is pressed. The interrupt service routine switches the red LED on, and resets the LED software timer. The LED timer has a 5000 millisecond (5 second) period, and uses a callback function that is defined to just turn the red LED off. Therefore, pressing the user button will turn the red LED on, and the LED will remain on until a full five seconds pass without the button being pressed.
RTOS Configuration and Usage Details
RTOS port specific configuration
Configuration items specific to these demos are contained in FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_STM32F100_Atollic/Simple_Demo_Source/FreeRTOSConfig.h. The constants defined in FreeRTOSConfig.h can be edited to meet the needs of your application. In particular -- configTICK_RATE_HZ
This sets the frequency of the RTOS tick interrupt. The supplied value of 1000Hz is useful for testing the kernel functionality but is faster than most applications require. Lowering this value will improve efficiency.
- configKERNEL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY and configMAX_SYSCALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY
See the kernel configuration documentation for full information on these configuration constants.
Attention please!: Remember that Cortex M3 cores use numerically low priority numbers to represent HIGH priority interrupts. This can seem counter-intuitive and is easy to forget! If you wish to assign an interrupt a low priority do NOT assign it a priority of 0 (or other low numeric value) as this will result in the interrupt actually having the highest priority in the system - and therefore potentially make your system crash if this priority is above configMAX_SYSCALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY. Also, do not leave interrupt priorities unassigned, as by default they will have a priority of 0 and therefore the highest priority possible.
The lowest priority on a Cortex M3 core is in fact 255 - however different Cortex M3 vendors implement a different number of priority bits and supply library functions that expect priorities to be specified in different ways. For example, on the STM32 the lowest priority you can specify in an ST driver library call is in fact 15 - this is defined by the constant configLIBRARY_LOWEST_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY in FreeRTOSConfig.h. The highest priority that can be assigned is always zero.
It is also recommended to ensure that all four priority bits are assigned as being premption priority bits. This can be ensured by passing "NVIC_PriorityGroup_4" into the ST library function NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(). In the demo project this is done from the function prvSetupHardware(), which is itself defined in main.c.
Each port #defines 'portBASE_TYPE' to equal the most efficient data type for that processor. This port defines portBASE_TYPE to be of type long.
Note that vPortEndScheduler() has not been implemented.
Interrupt service routines
Unlike most ports, interrupt service routines that cause a context switch have no special requirements and can be written as per the compiler documentation. The macro portEND_SWITCHING_ISR() can be used to request a context switch from within an ISR.Note that portEND_SWITCHING_ISR() will leave interrupts enabled.
This demo project provides an example interrupt service routines - namely EXTI0_IRQHandler() defined in main.c.
Note that the following lines are included in FreeRTOSConfig.h:
#define vPortSVCHandler SVC_Handler #define xPortPendSVHandler PendSV_Handler #define xPortSysTickHandler SysTick_HandlerThese definitions map the FreeRTOS kernel interrupt handler function names onto the CMSIS interrupt handler functions names - and in so doing, allow the Atollic provided linker script and start up files to be used without modification.
Switching between the pre-emptive and co-operative real time kernels
Set the definition configUSE_PREEMPTION within FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_STM32F100_Atollic/Simple_Demo_Source/FreeRTOSConfig.h to 1 to use pre-emption or 0 to use co-operative.Memory allocation
Source/Portable/MemMang/heap_1.c is included in the ARM Cortex-M3 demo application project to provide the memory allocation required by the real time kernel. Please refer to the Memory Management section of the API documentation for full information.
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